Mahatma Gandhi Biography, Introduction, Essay (Birth, Death, Murder)
Mahatma Gandhi biography, essay,introduction of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi mother, wife, son-daughter, killer's name, birth-death, list of names of movements.
Whenever we talk about the history of our country India, there is definitely talk of freedom struggle and discussions are held on which soldiers who contributed in this freedom struggle. Read about the freedom fighters of India here. There used to be two types of fighters in this freedom struggle,
Before -: Those who wanted to answer the atrocities committed by the British with blood and blood, the main ones were -: Chandrashekhar Azad, Sardar Bhagat Singh, etc.
There were other types of fighters -: Those who wanted to get freedom for the country by following the path of peace instead of this bloody scene, the most prominent names among them are -: Mahatma Gandhi. Due to his attitude following peace, truth and non-violence, people started addressing him as 'Mahatma'. Let us share more information about this Mahatma -:
Name | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
Father's Name | Karamchand Gandhi |
Mother's Name | Putlibai |
Date of Birth | October 2, 1869 |
Place of birth | In Porbandar region of Gujarat |
Nationality | Indian |
Religion | Hindu |
Caste | Gujarati |
Education | Barrister |
Wife's Name | Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia [Kasturba Gandhi] |
Son /Daughter's name | 4 sons -: Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, Devdas |
Died | 30 January 1948 |
The killer's name | Nathuram Godse |
Biography of Mahatma Gandhi
Birth, Caste, Family, Wife, Son of Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was born in the Porbandar region of Gujarat state of India. His father Shri Karamchand Gandhi was the 'Diwan' of Porbandar and mother Putlibai was a religious woman. Gandhiji belonged to a Gujarati family. His wife's name was Kasturba Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi had 4 sons, Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, Devdas.
Mahatma Gandhi Early Life
His mother had a great influence in Gandhiji's life. They were married at the age of 13 and Kasturba was 14 at that time. In November, 1887, she had passed her matriculation examination and in January, 1888 she enrolled in Samaldas College, Bhavnagar. Was taken and obtained degree from here. After this he went to London and returned from there as a barrister.
South Africa Visit of Mahatma Gandhi
In 1894, in connection with a legal dispute, Gandhi went to South Africa and launched a 'Disobedience Movement' against the injustice done there and returned to India after its completion.
Return to India and Participation in Freedom Struggle
In 1916, Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa and then started taking his steps for the independence of our country. After the death of Congress leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1920, Gandhiji was the guide of the Congress.
In the First World War [1st World War] that took place between 1914 - 1919, Gandhiji gave full cooperation to the British government on the condition that after that they would liberate India. But when the British did not do this, then Gandhiji started many movements to get freedom for the country. Some of these movements are as follows -
In 1920 -: Non-cooperation Movement
In 1930 -: Disobedience Movement
In 1942 -: Quit India Movement
By the way, the whole life of Gandhiji was like a movement. But mainly 5 movements were run by him, out of which 3 movements were run all over the nation and were very successful and hence people also know about them. We can categorize all these movements run by Gandhiji as follows:
Mahatma Gandhi movement list
Year wise description of all these movements is being given as follows:
In 1918: (Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha)
The 'Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha' launched by Gandhiji in 1918 was the beginning of his movements in India and he was successful in this. This Satyagraha was launched against the British Landlord. Indian farmers were being forced by these British landlords to grow indigo and at the same time, to the extent that they were also being forced to sell this indigo at a fixed price and the Indian farmers Didn't want that. Then he took the help of Mahatma Gandhi. On this Gandhiji launched a non-violent movement and was successful in this and the British had to obey him.
In the same year, a village named Kheda, which is located in Gujarat province, was flooded and the farmers there were unable to pay the tax levied by the British government. Then he took help from Gandhiji for this and then Gandhiji used a weapon called 'Non-cooperation' and agitated for the farmers to get tax exemption. Gandhiji got a lot of support from the public in this movement and finally in May, 1918, the British government had to announce relief to the farmers in its tax rules.
In 1919: Khilafat Movement
In the year 1919, Gandhiji was beginning to realize that the Congress was weakening somewhere, so he made his efforts to save the sinking ship of the Congress as well as to oust the British government through Hindu-Muslim unity. Started. For the fulfillment of these objectives, he went to the Muslim society. The Khilafat movement was a global movement, which was run against the Caliph of Muslims. Mahatma Gandhi held a conference of Muslims of the entire nation [All India Muslim Conference] and he himself was also the main person of this conference. This movement supported the Muslims a lot and this effort of Gandhiji made him a national leader [National Leader] and he also got a special place in the Congress. But in the year 1922, the Khilafat movement stopped badly and after that Gandhiji continued to fight for 'Hindu Muslim unity' all his life, but the distance between Hindus and Muslims kept increasing.
In 1920: Non-cooperation movement
To deal with various movements, the British government passed the Rowlett Act in 1919. During this time some meetings were also organized by Gandhiji and like those meetings, meetings were also organized at other places. A similar meeting was called at Jallianwala Bagh in the Amritsar region of Punjab and Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 in protest against the brutality with which the British had trampled on this peace meeting. The meaning of this non-cooperation movement was that the British government should not be helped in any way by the Indians. But there should not be any kind of violence in it.
Description in Detail
This movement started from September 1920 and lasted till February 1922. This was the first movement out of the 3 major movements launched by Gandhiji. Mahatma Gandhi's thinking behind starting this movement was that the British government is able to rule in India only because they are being supported by the Indian people, so if they stop getting this support, then It would be difficult for the British government to rule over Indians, so Gandhiji appealed to the people not to cooperate in any work of the British government, but it should not involve any kind of violent activity. People understood Gandhiji's point and felt it right. People joined the movement in very large quantities, but also on a nationwide [National] level and stopped cooperating with the British government. For this people left their government jobs, factories, offices, etc. People took their children out of government schools and colleges. That is, every effort was made so that the British did not get any kind of help. But due to this many people had reached a situation like poverty and being illiterate, but still people continued to bear all this for the freedom of their country. At that time there was such an atmosphere that perhaps we would have got freedom only then. But at the peak of the movement, Gandhiji decided to end this movement due to the incident at a place called 'Chaura-Chauri'.
Chaura Chauri incident
Since this non-cooperation movement was being carried out in a non-violent manner all over the country, during this time when some people were taking out a rally in a peaceful manner at a place called Chaura Chauri of Uttar Pradesh state, the British soldiers opened fire on them and some people That also led to death. Then this angry mob set the police station on fire and also killed 22 soldiers present there. Then Gandhiji said that "we did not have to do any violent activity during the whole movement, maybe we are not fit to get freedom yet" and due to this violent activity he withdrew the movement.
In 1930: Civil Disobedience Movement / Salt Satyagraha Movement / Dandi Yatra
In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started another movement against the British. The name of this movement was: Civil Disobedience Movement [Civil Disobedience Movement]. The purpose of this movement was that whatever rules and regulations are made by the British government, they should not obey and disregard them. Eg -: The British government had made a law that no one would make salt, so on March 12, 1930, they started their 'Dandi Yatra' to break this law. They reached a place called Dandi and made salt there and thus this movement was also carried out in a peaceful manner. During this many leaders and leaders were arrested by the British Government.
Description in Detail
Salt Satyagraha was started by Gandhiji on March 12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram located near Ahmedabad city of Gujarat and this journey lasted till April 5, 1930 till a place called Dandi located in Gujarat itself. After reaching here, Gandhiji made salt and broke this law and thus the nationwide disobedience movement [Civil Disobedience Movement] was started. This was an important stage in the freedom struggle of India. This was a direct attack on the monopoly of salt making by the British government and after this incident this movement spread all over the country. At the same time i.e. on January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress had also announced 'Purna Swaraj'. Mahatma Gandhi completed the Dandi Yatra in 24 days and during this he covered about 240 miles [390 kms] from Sabarmati to Dandi. m.] was covered. Here he made salt without paying any tax. At the beginning of this journey he was accompanied by 78 volunteers and by the end of the journey this number had grown to thousands. Here he reached on 5th April, 1930 and after reaching here he started the non-violent civil disobedience movement against the British government by making salt on the same day at 6.30 am and it was also made successful by thousands of Indians.
Mahatma Gandhi continued his journey by making salt here and from here he proceeded towards the beaches of the south. His purpose behind this was not only to make salt on these beaches, as well as he was also working to address many meetings. Here he also broke this law at a place called Dharasana [Dharasana]. Gandhiji was arrested at midnight [midnight] on May 4 – 5, 1930. His arrest and this Satyagraha drew the attention of the whole world towards India's freedom struggle. This satyagraha lasted for the whole year and came with Gandhiji's release from prison, and that too because the Viceroy Lord Irwin had agreed to the negotiations during the Second Round Table Conference. About 80,000 people were arrested due to this Salt Satyagraha.
This Salt Satyagraha launched by Gandhiji was based on his principle of 'non-violent protest'. Its literal meaning is - insistence of truth: Satyagraha. The Congress made Satyagraha its weapon to get India's independence and appointed Gandhiji as its chief. Under this, in the Satyagraha that took place in Dharasana, thousands of people were killed by British soldiers, but in the end, Gandhi's Satyagraha policy proved effective and the British government had to bow down. This satyagraha had a great impact on American activists Martin Luther, James Bevel, etc., who were fighting for apartheid policy [discrimination between black and white people] and rights of minorities [minority] in the 1960s. . As this Satyagraha and disobedience movement was spreading, it was handed over to Rajagopalachari in Madras and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in North India for proper guidance.
In 1942: Quit India Movement
By the 1940s [Decade], there was enthusiasm and anger among the children, old and young people of the country for the independence of India. Then Gandhiji used it in the right direction and started Quit India Movement in 1942 on a very large scale. This movement was the most effective of all the movements so far. This was a big challenge for the British government.
Description in Detail
The third major movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 was - Quit India Movement. It was started by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942. But due to the mistakes made in its operation, this movement soon collapsed, that is, this movement could not be successful. There were many reasons behind its failure, such as -: Students, farmers, etc. were participating in this movement and there was a big wave in them about this movement and the movement did not start simultaneously in the whole country i.e. the movement Its effect was reduced due to the beginning on different dates, apart from this, many Indians also felt that this was the peak of the freedom struggle and now we will get freedom and this thinking weakened the movement. But one thing was good with this movement that the British rulers had realized that now their rule cannot run in India, they will have to leave India if not today or tomorrow.
In this way, all the movements launched by Gandhiji during his lifetime gave their support for the freedom of our country and left their very deep impact.
Key features of such movements
All the movements undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi had some things in common, the details of which are as follows:
- These movements were always conducted in a peaceful manner.
- If there was any kind of violent activity during the movement, that movement was canceled by Gandhiji. This was also one of the reasons that we got freedom after some time.
- Movements were always carried out on the foundation of truth and non-violence.
Social life of Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhiji was not only a great leader, but in his social life also he was one of the people who believed in 'simple living high thinking'. Due to his nature, people started addressing him as 'Mahatma'. Gandhiji was a great supporter of democracy. He had 2 weapons -: 'Truth and non-violence'. On the strength of these weapons, he liberated India from the British. Gandhiji's personality was such that on meeting him, everyone was very impressed [influenced] by him.
Abolition of Untouchability
Gandhiji made a lot of efforts to remove the feeling of untouchability spread in the society. He named the backward castes as 'Hari-Jana' in the name of God and kept striving for their upliftment throughout life.
Age and Death of Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse. He was shot 3 bullets and the last words that came out of his mouth were: 'Hey Ram'. After his death, his tomb was built at Raj Ghat in Delhi. At the age of 79, Mahatma Gandhi left all the countrymen saying goodbye.
Mahatma Gandhi Books
- Hind Swaraj - in the year 1909
- Satyagraha in South Africa - in 1924
- India of my dreams
- Gram Swaraj
- An autobiography 'My Experiments with Truth'
- Creative Program – Its Meaning and Place
Many other books were written by Mahatma Gandhi.
Some Interesting Facts about Gandhiji
Father of the Nation
The Government of India did not give Mahatma Gandhi the title of Father of the Nation, but once Subhash Chandra Bose addressed him as the Father of the Nation. Read the biography of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose here.
- On the death of Gandhiji, an English officer had said that "Gandhi, whom we did not allow anything to happen for so many years, so that the atmosphere against us in India does not get worse, independent India will not keep that Gandhi alive even for a year." could."
- Gandhiji had also started the Swadeshi movement, in which he demanded a boycott of foreign goods from all the people and then himself started spinning wheel and made cloth for indigenous clothes etc.
- Gandhiji also established some ashrams in the country and abroad, in which Tolstoy Ashram and Sabarmati Ashram of India became very famous.
- Gandhiji also used to fast very hard for spiritual purification.
- Gandhiji tried for Hindu Muslim unity throughout his life.
- Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated all over India on the birthday of Gandhiji on 2nd October.
Thus Gandhiji was a very great person. Gandhiji did many important works in his life, his strength was 'truth and non-violence' and even today we can bring important changes in the society by adopting his principles.
General question
Q: When was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Ans: On 2 October 1869
Q: What caste did Mahatma Gandhi belong to?
Ans: Gujarati
Q: Who was the spiritual guru of Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans: Shrimad Rajchandra ji
Q: What was the name of Mahatma Gandhi's daughter?
Ans: Princess Amrit
Q: What did Mahatma Gandhi do for the country?
Ans: There was a special contribution in getting India's independence.
Q: Where was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Ans: It happened in Porbandar, Gujarat.
Q: When did Mahatma Gandhi die?
Ans: 30 January 1948
Q: Which book was written by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans: Hind Swaraj: In the year 1909
Q: What is the autobiography written by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans: The autobiography named Satya Se Sanyog has been written by Mahatma Gandhi.